08.+Power

media type="custom" key="13280226" Each type of society has a specific form of exercising power and counter power. Social power is primarily exercised by and through networks. There are four distinct forms of power: (a) networking power, (b) network power, (c) networked power, and (d) network-making power. Each one of these forms of power defines specific processes of exercising power. How power operates in a network.

operates by exclusion/inclusion Network gatekeeping theory has investigated the various processes by which nodes are included or excluded in the network Social actors may establish their power position by constituting a network that accumulates valuable resources and then by exercising their gatekeeping strategies to bar access to those who do not add value to the network or who jeopardize the interests that are dominant in the network’s programs. (Google deleted blog, podcast account closed, isd excluded from mobile initiative, what is not in NYT does not exist, TAGincludes us but may not share lots of info/ISD)
 * **Networking power:**

operates by imposition of the rules of inclusion. The power of standards or protocols of communication over the components of the network. Standards disclose other alternatives to the same problem. Coersive power vs. persuasive power/torturing the body vs. changing mind.
 * **Network power:**


 * ** Networked power: ** the power of social actors/nodes over other social actors/nodes in the network.

The first power position is programmers, the second power position is switchers. Ideas are rooted in human brains. Communication networks have fundamental role in shaping brain. Counterpower: programming the network is balanced with counter programming. Distrupt swiches. (internet freedom to disrupt the proposed legislation.) Resistence to power takes place through networks, like social organizations.
 * **Network making power:** capacity to set up and program a network according to the interests and values of the programmers, and connect and cooperate with other networks, define rules and policies (standards in technology, intellectual property rights legislation)
 * Programming:** the goals of the network and re-program it. The control over networks of communication and the ability to create and effective process of communication and persuation are key in programming a network.
 * Switching:** networks are separate. Media, political authorities, financial institutions need to cooperate in some form. controlling the connecting points or interfaces between networks by sharing common goals, switchers. (political leadership and media, Murdoch/media-political-financial networks, MIT got money from Defense/military got the top tech, sls and isd)

My thoughts: 1. power resides outside human brain. A position has power not the person (president). I saw people promoted to new position and how they transform throughout time They assimilate with the characteristics of the position assigned by the "network" which is pre-programmed back in the past (by "god"?) Money has power. I ask someone to steal a car for me if I give money, and if the person needs that money, he can steal for the money not because I have power. 2. Indirect power. Not what you know it is who you know. Someone influences a person who has power (manipulative power). 3. networks are networks of networks of networks of networks, etc. Networks are intermingled embedding other networks and embedded by other networks. Nodes interact across networks horizontally and vertically. 4. How do you explain corruption? does money have power? 5. What is the forms of power (making policy, enforcing policy, allowing/denying...) 6. What is power in democracy vs. hegemony/dictatorship, etc. different social forms? 7. could you use "methods of science of power" to detect rising dictatorship in a democracy, or revolution in a dictatorship? 8. what is this good for? How can I apply to my situation? Does it apply to simpler forms of networks, such as a team at work?

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